Please note that there is strong evidence for teaching literacy-learners how to build words by adding prefixes and suffixes to English words, but no similar evidence to support teaching about non-English word roots.
Inflectional morphemes (all suffixes)
Derivational morphemes
Prefixes include… ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- as in adopt, accuse, affect, allot, annul, applaud, arrest, assign, attribute anti- as in antidote, antihero, antihistamine, antiperspirant bi- as in bicycle con-, com-, col-, cor-, co-, as in confide, comfort, collide, correct, coexist contra- as in contradict de- as in defrost di- as in dioxide dis- as in dishonest, disallow, discard dys- as in dystrophy en-, em- as in enthrone, embody epi as in epicentre eu as in eulogy ex- e-, ef- as in excavate, erase, effort fore- as in foreground in-, im-, il-, ir- as in inaccurate, impossible, illegal, irregular in-, im-, il-, ir- as in internal, imply, illustrate, irrigate inter- as in interact micro- as in microscope mis- as in misadventure non- as in nonsense pre- as in predict re- as in reinvent semi- as in semicolon sub- as in submarine un- as in unpleasant
Derivational suffixes include… -able as in taxable -ant, ance as in ignorant, ignorance, attendant -ate as in graduate -en as in freshen (column 1)-ent, ence as in different, difference -er as in swimmer -ess as in waitress (archaic)-ful as in mindful -ian, an as in musician, comedian -ic as in idiotic – see columns 5 & 6 -ion as in action, donation, discussion, extension -ist as in artist -less as in harmless -logy as in biology -ly as in slowly -ness as in kindness -or as in sailor -ty, -ity as in safety, civility -ure as in adventure -y as in sunny
Latin bound bases include… anim as in animate cave, cav as in concave, excavate ceit/ceive/cept as in deceit, deceive, deception centr as in central cred as in incredible cruc, crus as in crucial, crusade cure, as in secure, security dic as in indicate dict as in predict equ as in equation err as in erratic fer as in suffer fine, fin as in confine, final form as in uniform horr as in horrible junct, join, jug as in junction, rejoinder, conjugate. jure, just as in injure, injustice lev as in elevate liter as in literate loc as in local lumin as in illuminate medi as in mediate milli as in millipede mit/mis as in permit, permission mob, mot, mov as in automobile, mobility , removal mon as in monopoly nate, nat as in innate, natural ped, pod as in pedestrian, podiatrist pend, pens as in suspend, suspense plex, ply, plic as in multiplex, multiply, multiplication pose, pon, pound as in compose, component, compound press as in compress punct as in puncture sanct as in sanctuary scrib/script as in inscribe, inscription sci as in science sist/sta/sti as in consistent, constant, constitute spect/spec/spic as in inspect, specimen, conspicuous struct as in construct tain/ten/tin as in abstain, abstention, abstinence tort as in distort tract as in distract uni, un as in unity, unanimous vac as in evacuate vene, ven, vent as in convene, convenient, convent vert/vers as in convert, conversion vi, voy as in deviate, convoy vise/vid as in revise, evident
Greek bound bases include… acro as in acropolis anthr/andr as in philanthropist, androgynous auto, aut as in automatic , autism chron as in synchronise crat, crac as in democrat, democracy dem as in democracy gen as in generate geo as in geology gon, genu as in polygon, genuflect hydr as in rehydrate logue, log as in dialogue, analogous meter, metr as in thermometer, symmetry naut as in astronaut path as in sympathy phil as in philanthropy photo as in photography polis as in metropolis psych as in psychiatrist scope as in telescope sym, syn, syl as in symphony, synonym, syllable
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